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Process parameters and application fields of laser welding

2020-10-09 19:14:45

(1) Power density

Power density is one of the most critical parameters in laser processing. With a higher power density, the surface layer can be heated to the boiling point within a microsecond time range, resulting in a large amount of vaporization. Therefore, high power density is beneficial for material removal processing, such as punching, cutting, and engraving. For lower power density, it takes several milliseconds for the surface temperature to reach the boiling point. Before the surface layer vaporizes, the bottom layer reaches the melting point, which is easy to form a good fusion weld. Therefore, in conductive laser welding, the power density is in the range of 104~106W/cm2.


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(2) Laser pulse waveform

Laser pulse waveform is an important issue in laser welding, especially for sheet welding. When a high-intensity laser beam hits the surface of the material, 60~98% of the laser energy will be reflected and lost on the metal surface, and the reflectivity changes with the surface temperature. During a laser pulse, the reflectivity of the metal changes greatly.

(3) Laser pulse width

Pulse width is one of the important parameters of pulse laser welding. It is not only an important parameter different from material removal and material melting, but also a key parameter that determines the cost and volume of processing equipment.




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(4) Influence of defocusing amount on welding quality

Because the power density in the center of the laser spot is too high, it is easy to evaporate into a hole. On each plane away from the laser focus, the power density distribution is relatively uniform. There are two defocusing methods: positive defocus and negative defocus. If the focal plane is above the workpiece, it is positive defocus, otherwise it is negative defocus. According to geometric optics theory, when the distance between the positive and negative defocus planes and the welding plane is equal, the power density on the corresponding planes is approximately the same, but in fact the shape of the molten pool obtained is different. When the defocus is negative, a greater penetration depth can be obtained, which is related to the formation process of the molten pool.




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Application areas of laser welding

Laser welding has a wide range of applications in the manufacturing industry, powder metallurgy, automotive industry, electronics industry and other fields.